\u0110\u1ea1i Hu\u1ec7 \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ea5t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng khi c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng minh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng l\u1edbn: c\u00f3 quan ni\u1ec7m r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng r\u1eb1ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng minh.<\/p>\n
Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m tr\u00ed: n\u00f3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o k\u00ed \u1ee9c, n\u00f3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh qua tri th\u1ee9c vay m\u01b0\u1ee3n. M\u1ecdi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eaft r\u1ec5 trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7; do \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o tr\u00ed nh\u1edb. C\u00e1c k\u00ec thi \u1edf trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng, cao \u0111\u1eb3ng, \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 th\u00f4ng minh \u2013 ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 tr\u00ed nh\u1edb t\u1ed1t th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. Nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ed nh\u1edb kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 th\u00f4ng minh. Tr\u00ed nh\u1edb l\u00e0 m\u00e1y m\u00f3c. M\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 tr\u00ed nh\u1edb t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u00ean t\u00e0i, nh\u01b0ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00f4ng minh.<\/p>\n
T\u00e2m tr\u00ed con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1i m\u00e1y t\u00ednh sinh h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 qua m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i, d\u00e0i l\u00e2u. V\u00e0 th\u00f4ng minh l\u00e0 khi tr\u00ed nh\u1edb im l\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, khi to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 t\u00e2m tr\u00ed ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i.<\/p>\n
Th\u00f4ng minh l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i t\u00e2m tr\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Trong ti\u1ebfng Anh c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00ec c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng cho c\u1ea3 hai \u2013 v\u00e0 ch\u00fang kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t to\u00e0n b\u1ed9. Trong ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n, v\u00e0 trong m\u1ecdi ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 nhng c\u00e1i t\u00ean kh\u00e1c nhau cho t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i: tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 bodhi, n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 tri th\u1ee9c; v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 pragya, n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c bi\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tri th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n
Tri th\u1ee9c bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng ch\u1ebft; n\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin. V\u00e0 m\u1ecdi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi h\u1ecdc sinh \u0111\u00edch x\u00e1c l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0m v\u1edbi m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u2013 n\u1ea1p v\u00e0o h\u1ecd ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng tin. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi m\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb s\u1eb5n. Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft r\u1ed3i; n\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u0169 r\u00edch, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a h\u00f4m qua.<\/p>\n
Th\u00f4ng minh l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng cho t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi, kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb k\u00ed \u1ee9c qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n m\u00e0 t\u1eeb nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, ch\u00ednh kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc n\u00e0y. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi trong l\u01b0u tr\u1eef tr\u00ed nh\u1edb c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n; thay v\u00ec th\u1ebf b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n m\u1edf t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c b\u1ea1n cho t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t.<\/p>\n
N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, th\u00f4ng minh l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t.<\/p>\n
T\u1eeb `\u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng’ c\u0169ng b\u1ecb hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m. N\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh hai; b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng, d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n, n\u00f3 m\u1ea5t ngh\u0129a g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c. Chia t\u1eeb ‘ responsibility – \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng’ th\u00e0nh hai, th\u1ebf th\u00ec n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh `ability to respond – kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i’ hay `response-ability’. Th\u00f4ng minh l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i \u2013 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t. \u0110\u00e1p \u1ee9ng s\u1ebd g\u00e2y ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean ngay c\u1ea3 cho b\u1ea1n, v\u00ec n\u00f3 m\u1edbi th\u1ebf \u2013 b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u00e3 t\u1eebng c\u00f3 xung \u0111\u1ed9t l\u00e2u d\u00e0i gi\u1eefa th\u00f4ng minh v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng minh v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 bi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u00edch lu\u1ef9 di s\u1ea3n tri th\u1ee9c l\u1edbn, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecb n\u1eb7ng g\u00e1nh v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi lo\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng tin. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a th\u00f4ng minh l\u00e0 h\u1ed3n nhi\u00ean; ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh t\u1eeb kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc sang kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc, vi\u1ec7c v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1i t\u1eafn v\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb9p. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra th\u00f4ng minh ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i \u0111i ra ngo\u00e0i t\u00e2m tr\u00ed. Thi\u1ec1n l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n
V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea1i Hu\u1ec7 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c – h\u1ecd s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch ngh\u0129 – r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 si\u00eau h\u01a1n tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7.<\/p>\n
Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean m\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u1ea5y g\u1ecdi Ph\u1eadt Gautam l\u00e0 ‘L\u00e3o M\u1eb7t V\u00e0ng’; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t v\u00f4 \u00fd th\u1ee9c, ch\u00e2m bi\u1ebfm. V\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 trong \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y; \u1edf ch\u1ed7 kh\u00e1c \u00f4ng \u1ea5y n\u00f3i c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n t\u1ed3i h\u01a1n “L\u00e3o M\u1eb7t V\u00e0ng’. \u00d4ng \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft… \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u00ednh ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng b\u1ea5t k\u00ednh v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f4ng minh. \u00d4ng \u1ea5y c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y s\u00e2u b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee9c c\u1ea3m t\u1ef1 ti n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u1ea5y tr\u1ea3 th\u00f9 theo nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n
Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c c\u1ed1 b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a th\u00f4ng minh, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 – v\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u1ea5y c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c, \u00f4ng \u1ea5y n\u00f3i gi\u1ecfi. \u00d4ng \u1ea5y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c khi c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 l\u1eddi. \u00d4ng \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3 gi\u1ecfi h\u01a1n, nh\u00e0 v\u0103n gi\u1ecfi h\u01a1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi di\u1ec5n thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ecfi h\u01a1n. \u00d4ng \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xoay x\u1edf l\u1eeba c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i.<\/p>\n
Th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng chuy\u1ec7n x\u1ea3y ra l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi nguy\u00ean g\u1ed1c. C\u00f3 l\u1ea7n chuy\u1ec7n x\u1ea3y ra l\u00e0 v\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed l\u1ec5 k\u1ec9 ni\u1ec7m sinh nh\u1eadt cho m\u1ed9t di\u1ec5n vi\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh. H\u1ecd l\u00e0m n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh cu\u1ed9c thi to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c: ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n vi\u00ean n\u00e0y gi\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t? Trong m\u1ecdi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn, v\u00e0 th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i cu\u1ed9c thi chung k\u1ebft s\u1ebd \u1edf London. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eafng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n
Nhi\u1ec1u di\u1ec5n vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 tham gia. B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n di\u1ec5n vi\u00ean n\u00e0y ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng ch\u1eafc s\u1ebd l\u00e0 tr\u00f2 \u0111\u00f9a hay khi v\u00e0o tham gia thi t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n nh\u1ecf. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean \u00f4ng \u1ea5y ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng \u1ea5y s\u1ebd chi\u1ebfm h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u – \u00f4ng \u1ea5y l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc \u00f4ng \u1ea5y. Nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi – v\u00e0 c\u00f2n ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean h\u01a1n v\u1edbi \u00f4ng \u1ea5y – \u00f4ng \u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee9 hai. Khi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1edf n\u00ean bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng \u1ea5y l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c, kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra – l\u00e0m sao m\u1ecdi gi\u00e1m kh\u1ea3o l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb m\u00ea ho\u1eb7c b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc?<\/p>\n
Nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i nh\u00ecn s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u00e0o trong t\u00e2m l\u00ed c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3: ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb, di\u1ec5n t\u1eadp, l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00f3 trong t\u00ednh t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u1ea5y – \u00f4ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb, \u00f4ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec5n t\u1eadp, \u00f4ng \u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng \u1ea5y v\u1eady. Nh\u01b0ng ai \u0111\u00f3 \u0111ang c\u1ed1 \u0111i l\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u trong thi \u0111ua l\u1edbn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e1ng. M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, \u00f4ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eeba c\u00e1c gi\u00e1m kh\u1ea3o. V\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra c\u1ea3 ngh\u00ecn l\u1ebb m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n – r\u1eb1ng ai \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea1i Hu\u1ec7, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn trong m\u1ed9t ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m nh\u01b0 th\u1ea7y l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n Thi\u1ec1n, v\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n
T\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i c\u00f9ng l\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng l\u1eeda. C\u1eed ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 h\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng duy\u00ean d\u00e1ng. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1i ‘d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0’ \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 k\u1ebd h\u1edf l\u1edbn, g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1eafc c\u1ea7u qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n
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T\u1eeb “Thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea1i Hu\u1ec7”, T.1, Ch.10 B\u00e1m v\u00edu