KINH NGHI\u1ec6M V\u1ec0 CH\u1ebeT, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0o tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u00e3ng qu\u00ean \u1edf cu\u1ed1i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ebft. Ba giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 tan r\u00e3 b\u00ean trong c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 nhanh ch\u00f3ng, \u0111\u00f4i khi n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i, ch\u1ec9 nh\u01b0 ba c\u00e1i b\u1eadt ng\u00f3n tay. Tinh kh\u00ed tr\u1eafng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecf c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1 v\u00e0 m\u1eb9 g\u1eb7p nhau \u1edf tim, v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m \u0111en \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “\u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7” n\u1ea3y sinh. Ch\u00f3i s\u00e1ng N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng b\u1eebng l\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3 v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta r\u01a1i v\u00e0o v\u00f4 \u00fd th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n
Nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng, hay giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a v\u00f4 minh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ma Rigpa<\/em> theo ti\u1ebfng T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp v\u1edbi Rigpa. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u vi\u1ec7c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u trong ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t chu tr\u00ecnh lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ecb ng\u1eaft ra m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc ch\u1ebft. Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i trung \u1ea5m ph\u00e1p t\u00ednh xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nho\u00e1ng qua, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng, giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a v\u00f4 minh, Ma Rigpa<\/em>.<\/p>\n \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft t\u1edbi l\u00e0 “d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea1i t\u00e1ch ra”: Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i trung gian n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 t\u00e1i sinh m\u1edbi. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 trung \u1ea5m tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh, sipa bardo<\/em>, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 trung \u1ea5m th\u1ee9 ba c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebft.<\/p>\n V\u1edbi th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00f3i s\u00e1ng N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trung \u1ea5m ph\u00e1p t\u00ednh, h\u1ea1t m\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u00f3i quen c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 l\u1ea1i th\u1ee9c d\u1eady. Trung \u1ea5m tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh tr\u1ea3i qu\u00e3ng th\u1eddi gian gi\u1eefa vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea1i th\u1ee9c d\u1eady c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111i v\u00e0o b\u1ee5ng m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng ti\u1ebfp.<\/p>\n T\u1eeb sipa<\/em> trong sipa bardo, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch ra l\u00e0 “tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh,” c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a “kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng” v\u00e0 “s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i.” Trong sipa bardo, v\u00ec t\u00e2m tr\u00ed kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 b\u1ecb che m\u1edd b\u1edfi th\u00e2n v\u1eadt l\u00ed c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y, “kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng” l\u00e0 v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 “tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra trong c\u00e1c c\u00f5i gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1c nhau. V\u00e0 trung \u1ea5m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 “s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i” b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n t\u00e2m tr\u00ed v\u00e0 c\u00f3 “s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i” b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m tr\u00ed.<\/p>\n \u0110\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a trung \u1ea5m tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 t\u00e2m tr\u00ed<\/em> c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt, trong khi trung \u1ea5m ph\u00e1p t\u00ednh l\u1ed9 ra b\u00ean trong c\u00f5i Rigpa. Cho n\u00ean, trong trung \u1ea5m ph\u00e1p t\u00ednh ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u00e2n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u00f2n trong trung \u1ea5m tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u00e2n t\u00e2m tr\u00ed.<\/p>\n Trong trung \u1ea5m tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u00e2m tr\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00fa cho s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng di \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00f4 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n, v\u1eady m\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng theo \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3 di chuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u00f3i quen c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Cho n\u00ean n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 trung \u1ea5m “nghi\u1ec7p” c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh, v\u00ec nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Kalu n\u00f3i: “N\u00f3 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng hay m\u00f9 qu\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta hay l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi; ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n b\u1ecb v\u00f9i d\u1eadp b\u1edfi l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ef1c.”[i]<\/a><\/p>\n <\/p>\n T\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y t\u00e2m tr\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i t\u1edbi giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfp trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9 d\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3: t\u1eeb tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i thu\u1ea7n khi\u1ebft nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 – Ch\u00f3i s\u00e1ng N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng – th\u00f4ng qua \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng – nh\u1eefng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a trung \u1ea5m ph\u00e1p t\u00ednh – v\u00e0 do v\u1eady \u0111i v\u00e0o bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u00f2n th\u00f4 h\u01a1n d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ec3 tinh th\u1ea7n trong trung \u1ea5m tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh. \u0110i\u1ec1u x\u1ea3y ra b\u00e2y gi\u1edd t\u1ea1i giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c tan r\u00e3: gi\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ch\u00fang l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c t\u1edbi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u00fd ngh\u0129 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u00f4 minh, ham mu\u1ed1n v\u00e0 gi\u1eadn d\u1eef. Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i, v\u00ec k\u00ed \u1ee9c v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n nghi\u1ec7p qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn c\u00f2n t\u01b0\u01a1i m\u1edbi trong t\u00e2m tr\u00ed ch\u00fang ta, ch\u00fang ta l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t “th\u00e2n t\u00e2m tr\u00ed.”<\/p>\n <\/p>\n TH\u00c2N T\u00c2M TR\u00cd<\/p>\n Th\u00e2n t\u00e2m tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta trong trung \u1ea5m tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi gi\u00e1c quan. N\u00f3 c\u1ef1c k\u00ec nh\u1eb9, s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t v\u00e0 di \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i l\u00e0 b\u1ea9y l\u1ea7n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n trong s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00fa cho m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i th\u1ea5u th\u1ecb th\u00f4 s\u01a1, kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u00fd th\u1ee9c, nh\u01b0ng cho th\u00e2n t\u00e2m tr\u00ed n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecdc t\u00e2m tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n Ban \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00e2n t\u00e2m tr\u00ed n\u00e0y s\u1ebd c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng, v\u1eady m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u00ec khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt n\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u1edf v\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u00ec \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng. Ngay c\u1ea3 n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1n b\u1ecb t\u00e0n t\u1eadt hay \u0111au \u1ed1m trong \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u00e2n t\u00e2m tr\u00ed ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o trong trung \u1ea5m tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n M\u1ed9t trong nh\u01b0ng gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i To\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n cho ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng th\u00e2n t\u00e2m tr\u00ed c\u00f3 c\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb l\u00ean t\u00e1m hay l\u00ean m\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n Do l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 duy quan ni\u1ec7m, c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 “gi\u00f3 nghi\u1ec7p,” th\u00e2n t\u00e2m tr\u00ed kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng duy tr\u00ec t\u0129nh l\u1eb7ng, cho d\u00f9 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed1c. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t k\u00ec \u0111\u00e2u n\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf, ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ngh\u0129. V\u00ec th\u00e2n t\u00e2m tr\u00ed kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eadt l\u00ed, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i qua r\u00e0o ch\u1eafn c\u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1eddng hay n\u00fai.[ii]<\/a><\/p>\n Th\u00e2n t\u00e2m tr\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y xuy\u00ean c\u00e1c v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 ba chi\u1ec1u. V\u1eady m\u00e0 v\u00ec ch\u00fang ta thi\u1ebfu tinh kh\u00ed b\u1ed1 v\u00e0 m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n v\u1eadt l\u00ed, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi hay m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y s\u00e1ng m\u1edd chi\u1ebfu \u1edf kho\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng ngay ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00fang ta. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c tinh linh trung \u1ea5m kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5y, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i th\u1ea5u th\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n qua kinh nghi\u1ec7m s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec1n[iii]<\/a>. Cho n\u00ean ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n tr\u00f2 trong nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc tho\u00e1ng qua v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u l\u1eef h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1c trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi trung \u1ea5m, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n B\u1edfi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a n\u0103m y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 trong c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, th\u00e2n t\u00e2m tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 gi\u1eb1n v\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a c\u01a1n \u0111\u00f3i. Gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n trung \u1ea5m n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng th\u00e2n t\u00e2m tr\u00ed s\u1ed1ng nh\u1edd m\u00f9i v\u1ecb v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c v\u1eadt c\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1t \u0111i, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang theo t\u00ean n\u00f3.<\/p>\n Trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00e0y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e2m tr\u00ed l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t nhanh: \u00fd ngh\u0129 t\u1edbi k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp nhau nhanh ch\u00f3ng, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t l\u00fac. T\u00e2m tr\u00ed ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ghi nh\u1edb c\u00e1c m\u1eabu h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 th\u00f3i quen, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t vi\u1ec7c n\u1eafm gi\u1eef c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c kinh nghi\u1ec7m, v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang chung cu\u1ed9c l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n KINH NGHI\u1ec6M V\u1ec0 TRUNG \u1ea4M<\/p>\n Trong nh\u1eefng tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a trung \u1ea5m n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng hay \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0, h\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 ch\u1ebft. Ch\u00fang ta tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi h\u1ecd, ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o vai h\u1ecd. Nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i, hay th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 h\u1ecd nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00e0ng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3, c\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec l\u00e0m h\u1ecd ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00fang ta. Ch\u00fang ta theo d\u00f5i, b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c, khi h\u1ecd kh\u00f3c hay ng\u1ed3i ch\u1ebft l\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 \u0111au v\u1ec1 ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng kh\u00f4ng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Ch\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean b\u00e0n, v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec3 chia t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y gi\u1eadn d\u1eef, t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng, nh\u01b0 S\u00e1ch T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft<\/em> n\u00f3i,” nh\u01b0 c\u00e1 qu\u1eb1n qu\u1ea1i trong c\u00e1t n\u00f3ng.”<\/p>\n N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta r\u1ea5t g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi x\u00e1c th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, ch\u00fang ta th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u00f4 v\u1ecdng, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i v\u00e0o l\u1ea1i v\u00e0o hay l\u1edfn v\u1edfn quanh n\u00f3. Trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ef1c \u0111oan th\u00e2n t\u00e2m tr\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1ea5n n\u00e1 g\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 hay x\u00e1c n\u00f3 h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n hay th\u1eadm ch\u00ed h\u00e0ng n\u0103m. V\u00e0 d\u1ea7u v\u1eady v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng b\u1eebng l\u00ean tr\u00ean ch\u00fang ta r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft. Ch\u1ec9 khi ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 b\u00f3ng, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 trong g\u01b0\u01a1ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t, chung cu\u1ed9c ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eadn ra. V\u00e0 c\u00e1i cho\u00e1ng v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 l\u00e0m ch\u00fang ta ng\u1ea5t x\u1ec9u.<\/p>\n Trong trung \u1ea5m tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ch\u00fang ta s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i m\u1ecdi kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 qua, nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft chi li \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t t\u1eeb l\u00e2u trong k\u00ed \u1ee9c, v\u00e0 th\u0103m l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ch\u1ed7, nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y n\u00f3i, “n\u01a1i ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n kh\u1ea1c nh\u1ed5 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t.” C\u1ee9 b\u1ea9y ng\u00e0y ch\u00fang ta l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua kinh nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1ebft m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. N\u1ebfu ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 an b\u00ecnh, tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i an b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m tr\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i; tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5, kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i. V\u00e0 n\u00ean nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c b\u1ea9y l\u1ea7n m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0 r\u1eb1ng trong th\u1eddi k\u00ec tho\u00e1ng qua c\u1ee7a trung \u1ea5m tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh, m\u1ecdi nghi\u1ec7p x\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i, trong c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c t\u1eadp trung d\u1eef d\u1ed9i v\u00e0 qu\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea3o.<\/p>\n S\u1ef1 lang thang \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9c, kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng ngh\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta qua th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi trung \u1ea5m l\u00e0 \u0111i\u00ean cu\u1ed3ng nh\u01b0 \u00e1c m\u1ed9ng, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong m\u01a1, ch\u00fang ta tin ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u00e2n v\u1eadt l\u00ed v\u00e0 r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. V\u1eady m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a trung \u1ea5m n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 n\u1ea3y sinh t\u1eeb t\u00e2m tr\u00ed ch\u00fang ta, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0 b\u1edfi th\u00f3i quen quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n Gi\u00f3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 ho\u00e1 th\u00e2n Urgyen n\u00f3i, “Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nghe th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn g\u00e2y n\u00ean b\u1edfi b\u1ed1n y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea5t, n\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u1eeda v\u00e0 gi\u00f3. C\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 \u00e2m thanh c\u1ee7a th\u00e1c li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed5 xu\u1ed1ng, \u00e2m thanh c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng ch\u1ea3y xi\u1ebft, \u00e2m thanh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1m ch\u00e1y kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 nh\u01b0 n\u00fai l\u1eeda, v\u00e0 \u00e2m thanh c\u1ee7a tr\u1eadn b\u00e3o l\u1edbn.”[iv]<\/a> C\u1ed1 g\u1eafng tr\u1ed1n tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi ch\u00fang trong b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 ba v\u1ef1c th\u1eb3m kh\u00e1c nhau, tr\u1eafng, \u0111\u1ecf v\u00e0 \u0111en, “s\u00e2u v\u00e0 kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp,” m\u1edf ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00fang ta. Nh\u1eefng v\u1ef1c th\u1eb3m n\u00e0y, theo S\u00e1ch T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft<\/em>, l\u00e0 gi\u1eadn d\u1eef, ham mu\u1ed1n v\u00e0 v\u00f4 minh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Ch\u00fang ta b\u1ecb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng b\u1edfi m\u01b0a \u0111\u00e1, m\u01b0a m\u00e1u m\u1ee7; b\u1ecb \u00e1m \u1ea3nh b\u1edfi \u00e2m thanh kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5, nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng k\u00eau th\u00e9t h\u0103m do\u1ea1; b\u1ecb s\u0103n \u0111u\u1ed5i b\u1edfi qu\u1ec9 \u0103n th\u1ecbt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i th\u00fa \u0103n th\u1ecbt ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n Ch\u00fang ta b\u1ecb cu\u1ed1n \u0111i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng b\u1edfi gi\u00f3 nghi\u1ec7p, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean b\u1ea5t k\u00ec n\u1ec1n n\u00e0o, S\u00e1ch T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft<\/em> n\u00f3i: “V\u00e0o l\u00fac n\u00e0y, b\u00e3o t\u00e1p d\u1eef d\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p, kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu n\u1ed5i, xo\u00e1y d\u1eef d\u1ed9i, s\u1ebd l\u00e1i \u00f4ng t\u1eeb ph\u00eda sau.” B\u1ecb ph\u00e1 hu\u1ef7 trong s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i, b\u1ecb cu\u1ed1n \u0111i ta h\u1ea1t b\u1ed3 c\u00f4ng anh trong gi\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta lang thang, b\u01a1 v\u01a1 qua t\u0103m t\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a trung \u1ea5m. B\u1ecb gi\u00e0y v\u00f2 b\u1edfi \u0111\u00f3i v\u00e0 kh\u00e1t, ch\u00fang ta t\u00ecm ch\u1ed1n n\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00e2n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m tr\u00ed ch\u00fang ta thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ecdi kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc, ph\u00f3ng chi\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta, “t\u1ef1a nh\u01b0 ph\u00f3ng ra t\u1eeb s\u00fang cao su,” S\u00e1ch T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft<\/em> n\u00f3i, v\u00e0o trong c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i bu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 vui chen l\u1eabn. Trong t\u00e2m tr\u00ed ch\u00fang ta \u01b0\u1edbc ao v\u1ec1 x\u00e1c th\u00e2n v\u1eadt l\u00ed k\u00e9o t\u1edbi, v\u1eady m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y nh\u1eadn ch\u00ecm ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0o n\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5 h\u01a1n n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n To\u00e0n th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3nh quan v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb nh\u00e0o n\u1eb7n b\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi trung \u1ea5m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01b0 tr\u00fa b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u00e1c m\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1ch c\u01b0 x\u1eed th\u00f3i quen c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta trong trung \u1ea5m s\u1ebd tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn ph\u00fac l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac; c\u00f2n n\u1ebfu cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 h\u1ea1i hay l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta trong trung \u1ea5m s\u1ebd l\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111au, h\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfc v\u00e0 s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i. Cho n\u00ean, \u1edf T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i l\u00e0, ng\u01b0 ph\u1ee7, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n th\u1ecbt v\u00e0 th\u1ee3 s\u0103n th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng b\u1edfi c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u qu\u1ec9 d\u1eef c\u1ee7a n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m c\u1eadn t\u1eed, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c “duy\u1ec7t x\u00e9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi” l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng chung c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecfi b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n h\u1ecd: L\u00e0m sao ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed7i khi\u1ebfp s\u1ee3 v\u1ec1 kinh nghi\u1ec7m trung \u1ea5m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t tr\u00f9m ma tu\u00fd, m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i hay m\u1ed9t t\u00ean tra t\u1ea5n ph\u00e1t x\u00edt? “Vi\u1ec7c duy\u1ec7t x\u00e9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi” d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 g\u1ee3i \u00fd r\u1eb1ng, sau khi ch\u1ebft, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m m\u1ecdi kh\u1ed5 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp l\u1eabn gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n TH\u1edcI H\u1ea0N C\u1ee6A TRUNG \u1ea4M TR\u1ede TH\u00c0NH<\/p>\n To\u00e0n th\u1ec3 trung \u1ea5m tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian trung b\u00ecnh l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i ch\u00edn ng\u00e0y, v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n. Nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u0103m tu\u1ed5i, c\u00f2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c ch\u1ebft tr\u1ebb. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb m\u1eafc k\u1eb9t trong trung \u1ea5m, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh vong hay ma. \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Dudjom th\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1eb1ng trong hai m\u01b0\u01a1i m\u1ed1t ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a trung \u1ea5m, b\u1ea1n v\u1eabn c\u00f3 \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u00ec quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi ch\u1ebft. Sau \u0111\u00f3, cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n d\u1ea7n h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng chi ph\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee3i trong trung \u1ea5m n\u00e0y cho t\u1edbi khi n\u00e0o ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0m k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i nghi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi b\u1ed1 m\u1eb9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. \u0110\u00f4i khi t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 trung \u1ea5m n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ef1a nh\u01b0 ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ee3i chuy\u1ec3n t\u1ea7u, trong \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee3i cho t\u1edbi b\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i ch\u00edn ng\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi chuy\u1ec3n sang cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi ti\u1ebfp. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 hai tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee3i trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i trung gian, v\u00ec s\u1ef1 m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd cu\u1ed1n h\u1ecd \u0111i ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i sinh ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ef1c k\u00ec \u00edch l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, v\u00e0 do v\u1eady \u0111\u00e3 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e2m tr\u00ed h\u1ecd theo tu luy\u1ec7n t\u00e2m linh t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c l\u1ef1c nh\u1eadn ra c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd mang h\u1ecd tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o t\u00e1i sinh t\u1ed1t. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i; du h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd t\u1ee5t ngay xu\u1ed1ng l\u1ea7n sinh th\u00e0nh ti\u1ebfp, d\u00f9 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1edf b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n PH\u00c1N X\u00c9T<\/p>\n M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 trung \u1ea5m m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u1ea3nh ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng sau ch\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ec1n v\u0103n ho\u00e1 tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. L\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m t\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, thi\u00ean th\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 \u0111o\u00e0n lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 b\u00e0o ch\u1eefa cho b\u1ea1n, k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u00edch l\u1ee3i m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m, trong khi l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m x\u1ea5u, qu\u1ec9 \u0111en, \u0111\u1ec7 tr\u00ecnh nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u1edfi t\u1ed1. Nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 x\u1ea5u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft theo c\u00e1c vi\u00ean s\u1ecfi tr\u1eafng hay \u0111en, “Di\u00eam v\u01b0\u01a1ng,” ch\u1ee7 to\u1ea1, tra c\u1ee9u t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t[v]<\/a> c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n T\u00f4i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng trong c\u1ea3nh ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u hay song h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m c\u1eadn t\u1eed. Chung cu\u1ed9c m\u1ecdi ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t x\u1ea3y ra b\u00ean trong t\u00e2m tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang ch\u00fang ta. Ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t<\/em>. Raymond Moody n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng “\u0110i\u1ec1u th\u00fa v\u1ecb c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00f4ng t\u1edbi t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf, ai d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi c\u00e1ch, nh\u01b0ng thay v\u00ec th\u1ebf l\u00e0 t\u1eeb b\u00ean trong ng\u01b0\u1eddi ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y b\u1ecb ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t.”[vi]<\/a><\/p>\n M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m c\u1eadn t\u1eed n\u00f3i l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi Kenneth Ring: “B\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho xem l\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n – v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t… B\u1ea1n \u0111ang ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n b\u1ea1n. B\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tha th\u1ee9 v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, nh\u01b0ng li\u1ec7u b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tha th\u1ee9 cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n b\u1ea1n v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e1ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 gian d\u1ed1i nh\u1ecf n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m trong \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng? B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tha th\u1ee9 cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng? \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t.”[vii]<\/a><\/p>\n C\u1ea3nh ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh t\u1edbi, trong ph\u00e2n t\u00edch cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1eb1ng sau m\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, v\u00e0 r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng tho\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, l\u1eddi n\u00f3i v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u00fd ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n v\u00e0 th\u00f3i quen \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00ednh l\u00ean ch\u00fang ta. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 cho cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n cho nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n T\u1eeb \u201cS\u00e1ch T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft\u201d, Ch.18 Trung \u1ea5m tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/p>\n [i]<\/a> Kalu Rinpoche, The Dharma (Albany: State Univ. of New York Press, 1986), 18.<\/p>\n [ii]<\/a> Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 hai ch\u1ed7 m\u00e0 th\u00e2n t\u00e2m tr\u00ed kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c: b\u1ee5ng m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0 Kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e1t \u0110o\u1ea3, ch\u1ed7 m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ch\u01b0 ph\u1eadt tr\u1edf n\u00ean ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9. Hai ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111i v\u00e0o lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i sinh hay thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 s\u1ebd mang t\u1edbi ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t cho cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong trung \u1ea5m n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n [iii]<\/a> C\u00f3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1ea7y c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu trung \u1ea5m, hay th\u1eadm ch\u00ed du h\u00e0nh sang c\u00f5i trung \u1ea5m.<\/p>\n [iv]<\/a> Ch\u00f6kyi Nyima Rinpoche, The Bardo Guidebook (Kathmandu: Rangjung Yeshe, 1991), 14.<\/p>\n [v]<\/a> C\u1ea3nh n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c k\u1ecbch v\u00e0 k\u1ecbch h\u00e1t d\u00e2n gian T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o b\u1edfi c\u00e1c “d\u00e9lok” (Xem Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 20, “Tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m c\u1eadn t\u1eed: Chi\u1ebfc thang l\u00ean c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi?”).<\/p>\n [vi]<\/a> Raymond A. Moody, Jr., Reflections on Life After Life (New York: Bantam, 1977), 32<\/p>\n