T\u00cdNH LI\u00caN T\u1ee4C C\u1ee6A T\u00c2M TR\u00cd<\/p>\n
Theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, lu\u1eadn c\u1ee9 ch\u00ednh “thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp” n\u00ean t\u00e1i sinh l\u00e0 lu\u1eadn c\u1ee9 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m tr\u00ed. T\u00e2m th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u? N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u1ea3y sinh t\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e2u c\u1ea3. Kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c \u0111i ngay tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3. \u0110\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t lai L\u1ea1t ma gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p n\u00e0y theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y:<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
C\u01a1 s\u1edf m\u00e0 theo \u0111\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn quan ni\u1ec7m t\u00e1i sinh v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c. L\u1ea5y th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m th\u00ed d\u1ee5: m\u1ecdi ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, ngay c\u1ea3 xu\u1ed1ng t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c vi m\u00f4, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f5i v\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, ch\u00fang ta tin v\u1eady, v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u, ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c, n\u01a1i m\u1ecdi ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t b\u1ecb c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecdng v\u00e0o c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u0129 thu\u1eadt l\u00e0 “c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t kh\u00f4ng gian.” C\u00e1c h\u1ea1t n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3t ch\u00fang, l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i m\u00e0 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c tan r\u00e3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. Cho n\u00ean c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng th\u01b0ng xuy\u00ean, trong \u0111\u00f3 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 tan r\u00e3, v\u00e0 th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i quay l\u1ea1i trong hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
B\u00e2y gi\u1edd t\u00e2m tr\u00ed l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “t\u00e2m tr\u00ed” hay “t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c” l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean, v\u00ec kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng cho s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u0169ng hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean, l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang ta g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “t\u00e2m tr\u00ed” hay “t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c” l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i khi n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u01a1i ra trong c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 ra cho ch\u00fang ta b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh t\u1eeb kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc sang kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, t\u00ednh nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
M\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 nh\u1eefng t\u1ea7ng th\u00f4 c\u1ee7a “t\u00e2m tr\u00ed” hay “t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c” c\u00f3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i sinh l\u00ed c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n th\u1ec3, v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ra ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ch\u00fang. Nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng hay ngu\u1ed3n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p t\u00e2m tr\u00ed, khi t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c t\u1ea1o ra sinh linh s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y n\u1eefa ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9. Cho n\u00ean n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n d\u00f5i v\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i theo t\u00e2m tr\u00ed hay t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, th\u1ebf th\u00ec b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n \u0111ang d\u00f5i v\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m tr\u00ed, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, v\u00e0o trong m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n; nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 thu\u1ef7.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Do \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u00e1i sinh li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp \u0111i\u1ec1u cho s\u1ef1 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m tr\u00ed hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu \u1edf \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o tin v\u00e0o nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 ph\u1ed5 d\u1ee5ng, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 cho thay \u0111\u1ed5i, v\u00e0 cho nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh. Cho n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 d\u00e0nh cho m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o thi\u00eang li\u00eang, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o; thay v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 n\u1ea3y sinh nh\u01b0 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh. Do \u0111\u00f3 t\u00e2m tr\u00ed, hay t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c, c\u0169ng \u0111i v\u00e0o hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu xem nh\u01b0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 nghi\u1ec7m tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Khi ch\u00fang ta n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh, c\u00f3 hai ki\u1ec3u ch\u00ednh: nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra, v\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c, c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi t\u1ea1o ra k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m tr\u00ed v\u00e0 th\u00e2n th\u1ec3, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00ean c\u00e1i kia, c\u00e1i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t cho c\u00e1i kia … T\u00e2m tr\u00ed v\u00e0 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c l\u1eabn nhau, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t cho nhau.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn t\u00e1i sinh.[i]<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi coi t\u1eeb “\u0111\u1ea7u thai” ng\u1ee5 \u00fd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t “c\u00e1i” g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ea7u thai, du h\u00e0nh t\u1eeb ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng n\u1ecd \u0111\u1ebfn ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng kia. Nh\u01b0ng trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u01b0 h\u1ed3n hay b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3, c\u00e1i t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i qua ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n th\u1ec3. \u0110i\u1ec1u cung c\u1ea5p t\u00ednh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i tin, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 vi t\u1ebf t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c. \u0110\u1ea1t lai l\u1ea1t ma gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch:<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Theo gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, nguy\u00ean l\u00ed s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c. C\u00f3 c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang ta g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c vi t\u1ebf b\u00ean trong nh\u1ea5t bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3. S\u1ef1 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t kh\u00f4ng gian. Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t kh\u00f4ng gian; trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u00c1nh s\u00e1ng R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng… \u00c1nh s\u00e1ng R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, v\u1edbi n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, t\u1ea1o ra k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c.[ii]<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n <\/p>\n C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00edch x\u00e1c theo \u0111\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i sinh x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c minh ho\u1ea1 r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 th\u00f4ng qua th\u00ed d\u1ee5 sau:<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp theo m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i t\u00e1i sinh kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 chu\u1ed7i h\u1ea1t ng\u1ecdc trong v\u00f2ng \u0111eo c\u1ed5, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn v\u1edbi nhau b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y, “h\u1ed3n,” \u0111i qua m\u1ecdi h\u1ea1t ng\u1ecdc; thay v\u00ec nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ch\u00fang gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng con s\u00fac s\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u1ed3ng l\u00ean nhau. T\u1eebng con s\u00fac s\u1eafc l\u00e0 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee1 cho con tr\u00ean n\u00f3, v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng. Gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c con s\u00fac s\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n.[iii]<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Trong c\u00e1c kinh s\u00e1ch Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tr\u00edch \u0111o\u1ea1n r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y. Hi\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Na Ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y cho vua Milinda trong m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng cho nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi nh\u00e0 vua \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t ra.<\/p>\n Vua h\u1ecfi Nagasena: “Khi ai \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i sinh, li\u1ec7u anh ta c\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00f9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eeba ch\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng, hay anh ta l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c?”<\/p>\n Nagasena \u0111\u00e1p: “Anh ta kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 c\u00f9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c… B\u1ec7 h\u1ea1 n\u00f3i cho t\u00f4i, n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i th\u1eafp s\u00e1ng \u0111\u00e8n, \u0111\u00e8n c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t \u0111\u00eam kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n “C\u00f3.”<\/p>\n “Ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda ch\u00e1y trong kh\u1eafc th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00eam c\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00f9ng ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda ch\u00e1y s\u00e1ng trong kh\u1eafc th\u1ee9 hai … hay kh\u1eafc cu\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng?”<\/p>\n “Kh\u00f4ng.”<\/p>\n “\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e8n trong kh\u1eafc th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00eam, \u0111\u00e8n kh\u00e1c trong kh\u1eafc th\u1ee9 hai, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e8n kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa trong kh\u1eafc th\u1ee9 ba kh\u00f4ng?”<\/p>\n “Kh\u00f4ng, v\u00ec r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e8n chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng c\u1ea3 \u0111\u00eam.”<\/p>\n “T\u00e1i sinh nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 c\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3: hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y n\u1ea3y sinh v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi. Cho n\u00ean h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c trong s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 c\u00f9ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c trong s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, m\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c.”<\/p>\n Nh\u00e0 vua l\u1ea1i h\u1ecfi th\u00eam m\u1ed9t th\u00ed d\u1ee5 n\u1eefa \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 Nagasena so s\u00e1nh n\u00f3 v\u1edbi s\u1eefa: v\u00e1ng s\u1eefa, b\u01a1 hay ghee<\/em>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m ra t\u1eeb s\u1eefa nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd l\u00e0 c\u00f9ng s\u1eefa, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o s\u1eefa to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 cho vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i nh\u00e0 vua l\u1ea1i h\u1ecfi: “N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 sinh linh n\u00e0o chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 n\u1ecd sang th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 kia, th\u1ebf th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta ch\u1eafc s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 do v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m trong c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfp qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 sao?”<\/p>\n Nagasena cho th\u00ed d\u1ee5 n\u00e0y: M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0103n tr\u1ed9m xo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a ai \u0111\u00f3. Xo\u00e0i anh ta \u0103n tr\u1ed9m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00edch x\u00e1c l\u00e0 c\u00f9ng xo\u00e0i m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ed3ng, v\u1eady l\u00e0m sao anh ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1ng b\u1ecb tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t? Nagasena gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u00ed do anh ta b\u1ecb tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 qu\u1ea3 xo\u00e0i b\u1ecb \u0103n tr\u1ed9m ch\u1ec9 m\u1ecdc ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ed3ng \u1edf ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. Theo c\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, ch\u00ednh v\u00ec h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta trong ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y, thu\u1ea7n khi\u1ebft hay kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ea7n khi\u1ebft, m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta b\u1ecb li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 do v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n NGHI\u1ec6P<\/p>\n V\u00e0o canh hai c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00eam Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9, \u00f4ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i tri th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c, b\u1ed5 sung cho tri th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u1ea5y v\u1ec1 t\u00e1i sinh: tri th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p<\/em>, lu\u1eadt nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n “V\u1edbi thi\u00ean nh\u00e3n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m thu\u1ea7n khi\u1ebft v\u00e0 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i ngo\u00e0i t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c sinh linh tan bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u0111i t\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, Ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y c\u1ea3 cao l\u1eabn thp, c\u1ea3 s\u00e1ng l\u1ea1n l\u1eabn v\u00f4 \u00fd ngh\u0129a, v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu\u1ef3 theo nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i sinh thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i hay \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn.”[iv]<\/a><\/p>\n Ch\u00e2n l\u00ed v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c d\u1eabn l\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb1ng sau t\u00e1i sinh l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p. Nghi\u1ec7p th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb hi\u1ec3u sai to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh hay ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh; t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngh\u0129 l\u00e0 lu\u1eadt nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 sai, c\u00e1i cai qu\u1ea3n v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. T\u1eeb nghi\u1ec7p<\/em> c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a \u0111en l\u00e0 “h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng,” v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng b\u00ean trong c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111em l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i nghi\u1ec7p: nghi\u1ec7p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, nghi\u1ec7p qu\u1ed1c gia, nghi\u1ec7p th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u trong s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9.<\/p>\n N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, nghi\u1ec7p ng\u1ee5 \u00fd g\u00ec? N\u00f3 ng\u1ee5 \u00fd r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0m, b\u1eb1ng th\u00e2n, kh\u1ea9u, hay \u00fd, s\u1ebd c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng. T\u1eebng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, cho d\u00f9 l\u00e0 nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t, h\u00e0m ch\u1ee9a h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. C\u00e1c th\u1ea7y th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ngay c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1t m\u1ea7m t\u00ed x\u00edu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00e2y \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ee5. V\u00e0 nh\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i: “\u0110\u1eebng b\u1ecf qua nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00ec ch\u00fang l\u00e0 nh\u1ecf; m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1m l\u1eeda tuy nh\u1ecf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed1ng c\u1ecf kh\u00f4 l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 tr\u00e1i n\u00fai.” T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u00f4ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i: “\u0110\u1eebng b\u1ecf qua h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t t\u00ed x\u00edu, t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i g\u00ec; ngay c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ed x\u00edu cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng s\u1ebd l\u00e0m tr\u00e0n th\u00f9ng l\u1edbn.” Nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, hay kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ng\u1eebng v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 hu\u1ef7 b\u1edfi “th\u1eddi gian, l\u1eeda hay n\u01b0\u1edbc.” S\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ti\u00eau bi\u1ebfn ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o n\u00f3 c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a ch\u00edn mu\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u01b0a ch\u00edn mu\u1ed3i, ch\u00fang s\u1ebd ch\u00edn mu\u1ed3i kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi, khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00fang. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00fang ta qu\u00ean m\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0m v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 r\u1ea5t l\u00e2u sau \u0111\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 b\u1eaft l\u1ea5y ch\u00fang ta. \u0110\u1ebfn l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ch\u00fang v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. H\u00ecnh dung v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u1ea1i b\u00e0ng, Jikm\u00e9 Lingpa n\u00f3i. N\u00f3 \u0111ang bay cao tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i c\u00e1i b\u00f3ng n\u00e0o. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00e1i g\u00ec ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean n\u00f3 quan s\u00e1t th\u1ea5y con m\u1ed3i, s\u00e0 xu\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ed5 nh\u00e0o xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t. V\u00e0 khi n\u00f3 lao xu\u1ed1ng, c\u00e1i b\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111e do\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm l\u1ea1i, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed v\u00e0o th\u1eddi gian t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai; ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n, v\u00ec b\u1ea5t k\u00ec bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn c\u1ef1c k\u00ec ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u1ec7p ch\u00edn mu\u1ed3i c\u00f9ng nhau. Cho n\u00ean ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng b\u00e2y gi\u1edd m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 “t\u00ecnh c\u1edd,” v\u00e0 khi m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 l\u00e0 \u1ed5n tho\u1ea3, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n g\u1ecdi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 “v\u1eadn may.”<\/p>\n V\u00e0 v\u1eady c\u00f2n c\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u00e1c ngo\u00e0i nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tho\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ef1c k\u00ec v\u00e0 l\u1ea1 th\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1eefa t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fang ta? Cho d\u00f9 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh hay m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc, hay trong c\u00e1c ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 c\u00e1 t\u00ednh kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c nhau ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n x\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ebfn cho ch\u00fang ta, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 c\u00e1c t\u00e0i n\u0103ng, khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 m\u1ec7nh kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n Nh\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i: “\u0110i\u1ec1u \u00f4ng \u0111ang v\u1eady l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 v\u1eady, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00f4ng s\u1ebd v\u1eady l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00f4ng l\u00e0m b\u00e2y gi\u1edd.” Li\u00ean Hoa Sinh c\u00f2n \u0111i xa h\u01a1n: “N\u1ebfu \u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft ki\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng; n\u1ebfu \u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft ki\u1ebfp t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng.”<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n T\u00c2M THI\u1ec6N<\/p>\n Th\u1ebf th\u00ec lo\u1ea1i sinh th\u00e0nh ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd c\u00f3 trong ki\u1ebfp sau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta trong ki\u1ebfp n\u00e0y. V\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1eebng bao gi\u1edd qu\u00ean l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh hay \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1eb1ng sau ch\u00fang, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o qui m\u00f4 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n V\u00e0o th\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0 gi\u00e0 \u0103n m\u00e0y t\u00ean l\u00e0 “D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o Vui.” B\u00e0 \u1ea5y th\u01b0\u1eddng quan s\u00e1t c\u00e1c vua, ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u1ea5y, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec b\u00e0 \u1ea5y th\u00edch nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n l\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m c\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. Cho n\u00ean b\u00e0 \u1ea5y \u0111i \u0103n xin, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i ng\u00e0y m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 b\u00e0 \u1ea5y c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3ng xu nh\u1ecf. B\u00e0 \u1ea5y \u0111em \u0111\u1ed3ng xu \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi bu\u00f4n d\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ecbnh mua m\u1ed9t \u00edt d\u1ea7u. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n d\u1ea7u b\u1ea3o b\u00e0 \u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t xu nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 mua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec c\u1ea3. Nh\u01b0ng khi \u00f4ng \u1ea5y bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng b\u00e0 \u1ea5y mu\u1ed1n c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng cho Ph\u1eadt, \u00f4ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ea1i b\u00e0 \u1ea5y v\u00e0 cho b\u00e0 \u1ea5y ch d\u1ea7u b\u00e0 \u1ea5y c\u1ea7n. B\u00e0 \u1ea5y \u0111em d\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn tu vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 th\u1eafp l\u00ean ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e8n. B\u00e0 \u1ea5y \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u00e8n tr\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 nguy\u1ec7n: “T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng ngo\u00e0i chi\u1ebfc \u0111\u00e8n nh\u1ecf n\u00e0y. Nh\u01b0ng qua vi\u1ec7c c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i c\u1ea7u xin trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban ph\u00fac l\u00e0nh v\u1edbi ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e8n tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7. T\u00f4i c\u1ea7u xin cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi t\u0103m t\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. T\u00f4i c\u1ea7u xin l\u00e0m thu\u1ea7n khi\u1ebft m\u1ecdi m\u1edd m\u1ecbt c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a h\u1ecd t\u1edbi ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9.”<\/p>\n \u0110\u00eam \u0111\u00f3 d\u1ea7u trong m\u1ecdi \u0111\u00e8n kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea1n h\u1ebft. Nh\u01b0ng chi\u1ebfc \u0111\u00e8n c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 \u0103n m\u00e0y v\u1eabn ch\u00e1y s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00ecnh minh, khi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 M\u1ee5c Ki\u1ec1n Li\u00ean, t\u1edbi thu d\u1ecdn m\u1ecdi \u0111\u00e8n. Khi \u00f4ng \u1ea5y th\u1ea5y c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e8n v\u1eabn ch\u00e1y s\u00e1ng,v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7y \u1eafp d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 v\u1edbi chi\u1ebfc b\u1ea5c m\u1edbi, \u00f4ng \u1ea5y ngh\u0129, “Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao chi\u1ebfc \u0111\u00e8n n\u00e0y v\u1eabn ch\u00e1y v\u00e0o ban ng\u00e0y,” v\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u1ea5y c\u1ed1 th\u1ed5i t\u1eaft n\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 v\u1eabn ch\u00e1y. \u00d4ng \u1ea5y c\u1ed1 d\u00f9ng ng\u00f3n tay l\u00e0m t\u1eaft \u0111\u00e8n, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 v\u1eabn ch\u00e1y. \u00d4ng \u1ea5y l\u1ea1i c\u1ed1 d\u1eadp n\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tr\u00f9m chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o cho\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 v\u1eabn ch\u00e1y. Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 theo d\u00f5i m\u1ecdi chuy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 n\u00f3i,”M\u1ee5c Ki\u1ec1n Li\u00ean, \u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n t\u1eaft \u0111\u00e8n \u0111\u00f3 \u00e0? \u00d4ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e2u. \u00d4ng th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 di chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3, \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh n\u00f3 t\u1eaft. D\u00f9 \u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed5 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00ean c\u00e1i \u0111\u00e8n n\u00e0y, n\u00f3 v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng t\u1eaft. N\u01b0\u1edbc trong m\u1ecdi d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng, m\u1ecdi h\u1ed3 tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u1eadp t\u1eaft n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. T\u1ea1i sao kh\u00f4ng? V\u00ec chi\u1ebfc \u0111\u00e8n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 s\u00f9ng k\u00ednh, v\u00e0 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 thu\u1ea7n khi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a tim v\u00e0 t\u00e2m tr\u00ed. V\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o cho n\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u00edch l\u1ee3i v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng.” Khi Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, b\u00e0 gi\u00e0 \u0103n m\u00e0y l\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n \u00f4ng \u1ea5y v\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i l\u1eddi ti\u00ean tri r\u1eb1ng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai b\u00e0 \u1ea5y s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u1ecb ph\u1eadt ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o, t\u00ean l\u00e0 “\u00c1nh s\u00e1ng \u0110\u00e8n.”<\/p>\n Cho n\u00ean ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, t\u1ed1t hay x\u1ea5u, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Shantideva \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i:<\/p>\n <\/p>\n B\u1ea5t k\u00ec ni\u1ec1m vui n\u00e0o c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3 tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y<\/p>\n T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u1edbi t\u1eeb ham mu\u1ed1n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac,<\/p>\n V\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u00ec kh\u1ed5 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y<\/p>\n T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u1edbi t\u1eeb ham mu\u1ed1n b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac.[v]<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n <\/p>\n B\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p lu\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng sai s\u00f3t, b\u1ea5t k\u00ec khi n\u00e0o ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ch\u00fang ta, v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u00ec khi n\u00e0o ch\u00fang ta \u0111em h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, ch\u00fang ta \u0111em cho ch\u00fang ta h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Cho n\u00ean \u1ea1t lai L\u1ea1t ma n\u00f3i:<\/p>\n <\/p>\n N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u1ed1 khu\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5c c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 v\u1ecb k\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n – gi\u1eadn v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c – v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00eam l\u00f2ng t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 t\u1eeb bi v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, chung cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1c. Cho n\u00ean \u0111\u00f4i khi t\u00f4i n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ecb k\u1ec9 kh\u00f4n ngoan n\u00ean h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ecb k\u1ec9 ngu xu\u1ea9n bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ecb k\u1ec9 kh\u00f4n ngoan ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 h\u1ecd c\u0169ng nh\u1eadn l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00edch l\u1ee3i. [vi]<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o t\u00e1i sinh ch\u1ec9 ra cho ch\u00fang ta r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 hay \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. Ch\u00ednh v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang c\u1ed1 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 do. B\u1ea5t k\u00ec khi n\u00e0o ch\u00fang ta h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, ch\u00fang ta ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi n\u00f3; b\u1ea5t k\u00ec khi n\u00e0o ch\u00fang ta h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c, ch\u00fang ta che m\u1edd n\u00f3 v\u00e0 ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n n\u00f3. V\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u00ec khi n\u00e0o ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3 trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n Cho n\u00ean n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n r\u00fat ra th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7u thai, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0: Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tim thi\u1ec7n khao kh\u00e1t cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef an ninh h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac \u0111\u00f3. Nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 tu luy\u1ec7n l\u00f2ng t\u1ed1t. \u0110\u1ea1t lai L\u1ea1t ma \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i: “Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1n ch\u00f9a; kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n tri\u1ebft l\u00ed ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. N\u00e3o ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, tim ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1n ch\u00f9a c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta; tri\u1ebft l\u00ed c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0 l\u00f2ng t\u1ed1t.”<\/p>\n <\/p>\n T\u00cdNH S\u00c1NG T\u1ea0O<\/p>\n Th\u1ebf th\u00ec nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh hay ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh. Nghi\u1ec7p ng\u1ee5 \u00fd kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta<\/em> \u0111\u1ec3 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3<\/em> x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang ta h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3<\/em> thay \u0111\u1ed5i. T\u01b0\u01a1ng lai l\u00e0 trong tay ch\u00fang ta, v\u00e0 trong tay c\u1ee7a tim ch\u00fang ta. Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i:<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9, nh\u01b0 ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129,<\/p>\n Nghi\u1ec7p s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c, nh\u01b0 v\u0169 c\u00f4ng.[vii]<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n <\/p>\n V\u00ec m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, linh \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng thu\u1ed9c, c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 suy ngh\u0129 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0o, d\u00f9 c\u00f3 v\u1ebb v\u00f4 v\u1ecdng hay kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp, nh\u01b0 b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt v\u00f4 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee9u ch\u1eefa, m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1. V\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i hay \u0111\u1ed9c \u00e1c n\u00e0o m\u00e0 h\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfc ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 tu luy\u1ec7n t\u00e2m linh th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 khng th\u1ec3 r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n Milarepa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 yogi, nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 v\u00e0 th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng. T\u00f4i c\u00f2n nh\u1edb khi c\u00f2n nh\u1ecf \u0111\u00e3 r\u00f9ng m\u00ecnh x\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9ng khi \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u1ea5y, v\u00e0 khi m\u1ea3i m\u00ea v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng minh ho\u1ea1 tranh v\u1ebd nh\u1ecf trong b\u1ea3n ch\u00e9p tay c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u1ea5y. L\u00fac c\u00f2n tr\u1ebb Milarepa \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u00f9 thu\u1ef7 v\u00e0 t\u1eeb b\u00e1o th\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ebft h\u1ea1i v\u00e0 hu\u1ef7 ho\u1ea1i v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, b\u1eb1ng ma thu\u1eadt \u0111en t\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. V\u00e0 v\u1eady m\u00e0 qua h\u1ed1i h\u1eadn s\u00e2u s\u1eafc, v\u00e0 qua nh\u1eefng th\u1eed th\u00e1ch v\u00e0 gian tru\u00e2n, \u00f4ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi th\u1ea7y v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i Marpa, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m thu\u1ea7n khi\u1ebft m\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3. \u00d4ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y h\u1ee9ng kh\u1edfi cho h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong su\u1ed1t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ec9.<\/p>\n \u1ede T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i n\u00f3i: “H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t; n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m thu\u1ea7n khi\u1ebft.” Cho n\u00ean bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 hi v\u1ecdng. Ngay c\u1ea3 k\u1ebb gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m l\u00ec l\u1ee3m nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn h\u1ecd t\u1edbi t\u1ed9i \u00e1c. Ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta d\u00f9ng n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o v\u00e0 v\u1edbi tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n h\u1ee9ng kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ch\u00fang ta kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n B\u1ea5t k\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra cho ch\u00fang ta b\u00e2y gi\u1edd ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1, b\u1ea5t k\u00ec khi n\u00e0o kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u1eadp v\u00e0o ch\u00fang ta, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng coi ch\u00fang \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m hay th\u1ea3m ho\u1ea1, hay coi kh\u1ed5 nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t theo b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o. Ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1ch b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ch\u00fang ta hay ch\u00ecm \u0111\u1eafm trong t\u1ef1 h\u1eadn th\u00f9. Ch\u00fang ta nh\u00ecn n\u1ed7i \u0111au ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang tr\u1ea3i qua nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng kh\u1ed5 l\u00e0 “c\u00e1i ch\u1ed5i qu\u00e9t \u0111i m\u1ecdi nghi\u1ec7p x\u1ea5u.” Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft \u01a1n r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111ang \u0111i t\u1edbi k\u1ebft th\u00fac. Ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng “v\u1eadn may,” k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ed1t, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1edbm tr\u00f4i qua n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng t\u1ed1t n\u00f3, v\u00e0 “v\u1eadn x\u1ea5u,” k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p x\u1ea5u, th\u1ef1c ra c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho ch\u00fang ta m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1.<\/p>\n V\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. H\u1ecd s\u1ed1ng theo nguy\u00ean l\u00ed v\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p, trong vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 ch\u00e2n l\u00ed c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. H\u1ecd hi\u1ec3u n\u00f3 l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng. Cho n\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p g\u00e2y h\u1ee9ng kh\u1edfi trong h\u1ecd theo ngh\u0129a tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n trong b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec h\u1ecd l\u00e0m. Khi t\u00f4i c\u00f2n tr\u1ebb, gia \u0111\u00ecnh t\u00f4i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi t\u00ean l\u00e0 A-p\u00e9 Dorje, anh n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t y\u00eau qu\u00ed t\u00f4i. Anh \u1ea5y th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n, kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t k\u00ec ai trong th\u1eddi th\u01a1 \u1ea5u c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i. B\u1ea5t k\u00ec khi n\u00e0o t\u00f4i n\u00f3i hay l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i trong tu\u1ed5i th\u01a1, anh \u1ea5y s\u1ebd ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c n\u00f3i t\u1eeb t\u1ed1n,”\u1ed2, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang,” v\u00e0 do v\u1eady l\u00e0m th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n trong t\u00f4i m\u1ed9t \u00fd th\u1ee9c s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p, v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i m\u1ed9t th\u00f3i quen g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea5t k\u00ec \u00fd ngh\u0129 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i n\u1ea3y sinh.<\/p>\n Nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 kh\u00f3 th\u1ea5y trong v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng? Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ea3i nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta? Khi ch\u00fang ta n\u1ed5i gi\u1eadn hay g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng cho ai \u0111\u00f3, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1eb3ng d\u1ed9i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i ch\u00fang ta sao? Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1eb3ng b\u1ecb b\u1ecf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi k\u00ed \u1ee9c cay \u0111\u1eafng v\u00e0 \u0111en t\u1ed1i, v\u00e0 c\u00e1i b\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c c\u0103m gh\u00e9t b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3 sao? K\u00ed \u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p. Th\u00f3i quen c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0 n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng l\u00e0 do nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e0 ra, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, l\u1eddi n\u00f3i, hay \u00fd ngh\u0129 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u01b0u t\u00e2m t\u1edbi ch\u00fang, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh m\u1eabu l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n n\u00f3 trong c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. B\u1ea5t k\u00ec khi n\u00e0o ch\u00fang ta h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c, n\u00f3 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi \u0111au v\u00e0 kh\u1ed5; b\u1ea5t k\u00ec khi n\u00e0o ch\u00fang ta h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac. <\/em><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n TR\u00c1CH NHI\u1ec6M<\/p>\n T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ea5t x\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1edfi c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m c\u1eadn t\u1eed x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean, s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m c\u1eadn t\u1eed, m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u suy ngh\u0129, l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c “duy\u1ec7t x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i to\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi.” D\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 duy\u1ec7t x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch chi ti\u1ebft s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m. Th\u1ef1c ra h\u1ecd tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m mi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n v\u00e0 cho\u00e1ng v\u00e1ng, ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ea3y sinh trong h\u1ecd:[viii]<\/a><\/p>\n <\/p>\n M\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra \u0111\u1ec3 xem x\u00e9t – t\u00f4i x\u1ea5u h\u1ed5 v\u00ec r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m v\u00ec d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 t\u00f4i c\u00f3 tri th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c … Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c … T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129 n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t.[ix]<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi t\u00f4i tr\u00f4i qua tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft t\u00f4i … \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 m\u1ecdi c\u1ea3m x\u00fac m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y trong \u0111\u1eddi t\u00f4i, t\u00f4i c\u1ea3m v\u1eady. V\u00e0 m\u1eaft t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra cho t\u00f4i c\u00e1i c\u0103n b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch c\u1ea3m x\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi t\u00f4i. \u0110i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c…,[x]<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n <\/p>\n T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i.[xi]<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0110\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 m\u1ecdi \u00fd ngh\u0129 m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3, m\u1ecdi l\u1eddi t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng n\u00f3i, v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng l\u00e0m; th\u00eam c\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng \u00fd ngh\u0129, l\u1eddi n\u00f3i, vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m l\u00ean m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u00ec ai \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng t\u1edbi trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i hay trong ph\u1ea1m vi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, d\u00f9 t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft h\u1ecd hay kh\u00f4ng…; c\u1ed9ng th\u00eam c\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng \u00fd ngh\u0129, l\u1eddi n\u00f3i v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00ean th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft, th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt, con v\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai, c\u00e2y c\u1ed1i, n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed.[xii]<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n <\/p>\n T\u00f4i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t th\u1eadt nghi\u00eam t\u00fac. Ch\u00fang s\u1ebd gi\u00fap t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eadn ra c\u00e1c h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, l\u1eddi n\u00f3i v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, v\u00e0 bu\u1ed9c ch\u00fang ta tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m t\u0103ng th\u00eam. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd r\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y b\u1ecb \u0111e do\u1ea1 b\u1edfi th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p, v\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111ang b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u hi\u1ec3u h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lu\u1eadt t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 cho l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p, nh\u01b0ng s\u00e2u b\u00ean trong h\u1ecd c\u00f3 ho\u00e0i nghi s\u00e2u v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ban ng\u00e0y h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p m\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, v\u1edbi ni\u1ec1m tin b\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n, gi\u1ea3 t\u1ea1o, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh trong \u0111\u00eam, t\u00e2m tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111en t\u1ed1i v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n.<\/p>\n C\u1ea3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng l\u1eabn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ed1n tr\u00e1nh tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m t\u1edbi t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p. \u1ede ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i c\u1edb kh\u00f4ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c ra tay gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1, b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, h\u1ecd kh\u1ed5 v\u1ec1 b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 do “nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.” Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y “t\u1ef1 do suy ngh\u0129,” ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y tin v\u00e0o nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 “nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m” v\u00e0 “c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn” qu\u00e1 \u0111\u00e1ng, v\u00e0 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c s\u1ebd l\u00e0 can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5y h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i “t\u00ednh to\u00e1n cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n h\u1ecd.” Th\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 tho\u00e1i th\u00e1c v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n b\u1ed9i l\u1ea1i nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta! C\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1ch gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1. T\u00f4i bi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u c\u00f3: c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hu\u1ef7 di\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, trong vi\u1ec7c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfng v\u00e0 \u00edch k\u1ec9; ho\u1eb7c h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfm c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i m\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, v\u00e0 b\u1edfi l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady gi\u00fap cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd qu\u00ean r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh th\u00f4ng qua nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, l\u1eddi n\u00f3i v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a. V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ecdn ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed5, v\u00e0 gi\u00fap cho b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh ph\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta th\u1ee9c d\u1eady trong ch\u00fang ta. Ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh ph\u1eadt n\u00e0y ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1ee9c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do kh\u1ecfi v\u00f4 minh v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi t\u00e2m tr\u00ed ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9, b\u1ea5t t\u1eed, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t v\u00f2ng sinh t\u1eed. Cho n\u00ean, gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n n\u00f3i cho ch\u00fang ta, n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ch\u00fang ta trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y, kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 cho v\u00e0i ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 cho h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n Ch\u00ednh tri th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed coi r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfp t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n ngay c\u1ea3 ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y, v\u00ec \u1edf t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u1eefa ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i ch\u00fang ta. C\u00e1i nh\u00ecn d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n n\u00e0y qui \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta s\u1ed1ng. H\u1ecd bi\u1ebft n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ecbnh hi sinh to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 v\u0129nh h\u1eb1ng cho ki\u1ebfp n\u00e0y, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u0111em t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi ch\u00fang ta cho m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n u\u1ed1ng say s\u01b0a, \u0111i\u00ean kh\u00f9ng b\u1ecf qua m\u1ecdi h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng lu\u1eadt nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1ee9c trong b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ch\u00fang ta tim thi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a y\u00eau v\u00e0 t\u1eeb bi, n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0m thu\u1ea7n khi\u1ebft d\u00f2ng \u00fd ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1ee9c tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh t\u00e2m tr\u00ed, th\u1ebf th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9.<\/p>\n Albert Einstein \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i:<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i to\u00e0n th\u1ec3, m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “V\u0169 tr\u1ee5,” m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n trong th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh, c\u00e1c \u00fd ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c, nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1i c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i – m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i \u1ea3o gi\u00e1c quang h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u1ea2o gi\u00e1c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 t\u00f9 cho ch\u00fang ta, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf ch\u00fang ta trong c\u00e1c ham mu\u1ed1n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m t\u00ecnh v\u1edbi v\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ea7n g\u0169i nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta. Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ch\u00fang ta kh\u1ecfi nh\u00e0 t\u00f9 n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00f2ng t\u1eeb bi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ecdi sinh linh v\u00e0 to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean trong c\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.[xiii]<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n <\/p>\n T\u1eeb \u201cS\u00e1ch T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft\u201d, Ch6. Ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1, nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 t\u00e1i sinh<\/p>\n [i]<\/a> M\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t lai l\u1ea1t ma trong b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng \u1edf New York, October 1991.<\/p>\n [ii]<\/a> \u0110\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t lai l\u1ea1t ma, trong \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i v\u1edbi David Bohm, trong \u0110\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 hi\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n: Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 Th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, bi\u00ean t\u1eadp b\u1edfi Ren\u00e9e Weber (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1986), 237.<\/p>\n [iii]<\/a> H. W. Schumann, The Historical Buddha (London: Arkana, 1989), 139.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n [iv]<\/a> Schumann, The Historical Buddha, 55.<\/p>\n [v]<\/a> Shantideva, A Guide to the Bodhisattva’s Way of Life (Bodhicaryavatara), translated by Stephen Batchelor (Dharamsala: Library of Tibetan Works and Archives, 1979), 120.<\/p>\n [vi]<\/a> His Holiness the Dalai Lama, A Policy of Kindness: An Anthology of Writings by and about the Dalai Lama: (Ithaca, NY: Snow Lion, 1990), 58.<\/p>\n [vii]<\/a> Saddharmapundarika Sutra, quoted in Tulku Thondup, Buddha Mind (Ithaca, NY: Snow Lion, 1989), 215.<\/p>\n [viii]<\/a> David Lorimer treats this topic in depth in his Whole in One: The Near-Death Experience and the Ethic of Interconnectedness (London: Arkana, 1990).<\/p>\n [ix]<\/a> Raymond A. Moody, Jr., Reflections on Life After Life (London: Corgi, 1978), 35.<\/p>\n [x]<\/a> Ring, Heading Towards Omega, 71.<\/p>\n [xi]<\/a> Raymond A. Moody, Jr., The Light Beyond (London: Pan, 1989), 38.<\/p>\n [xii]<\/a> P. M. H Atwater, Coming Back to Life (New York: Dodd, Mead, 1988), 36.<\/p>\n