T\u1ef1 do c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ba ki\u1ec3u, v\u00e0 ba ki\u1ec3u \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do kh\u1ecfi, th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do v\u00ec, v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 ba ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do – kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ecfi kh\u00f4ng v\u00ec. C\u00e1i th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, t\u1ef1 do kh\u1ecfi, l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng. N\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9; b\u1ea1n \u0111ang tranh \u0111\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n g\u1ea1t b\u1ecf n\u00f3, b\u1ea1n b\u1ecb \u00e1m \u1ea3nh b\u1edfi n\u00f3.<\/p>\n
Ph\u00e2n t\u00e2m h\u1ecdc c\u1ed1 cho b\u1ea1n t\u1ef1 do n\u00e0y, t\u1ef1 do kh\u1ecfi – kh\u1ecfi t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi th\u01a1 \u1ea5u. Li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p nguy\u00ean thu\u1ef7 v\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n b\u1ea1n kh\u1ecfi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi ti\u1ebfng la h\u00e9t nguy\u00ean thu\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, th\u1ebf th\u00ec b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do. Cho n\u00ean t\u1ef1 do ng\u1ee5 \u00fd – v\u1edbi li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p nguy\u00ean thu\u1ef7, v\u1edbi ph\u00e2n t\u00e2m h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c – r\u1eb1ng qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ecf \u0111i. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i tranh \u0111\u1ea5u v\u1edbi n\u00f3, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed vi\u1ec7c g\u1ee1 r\u1ed1i cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n b\u1ea1n kh\u1ecfi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9; th\u1ebf th\u00ec b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 do.<\/p>\n
Khi c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi t\u1ef1 do, Karl Marx v\u00e0 Sigmund Freud l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp nhau; h\u1ecd c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd. Karl Marx n\u00f3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u1ef1 do kh\u1ecfi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, m\u1ecdi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac kinh t\u1ebf. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u1ea5y c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Freud c\u00f3 t\u00ednh t\u00e2m l\u00ed, nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eaft r\u1ec5 trong \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 t\u1ef1 do kh\u1ecfi.<\/p>\n
M\u1ecdi c\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng – v\u00e0 khi b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd t\u1ef1 do. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u. N\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 cho b\u1ea1n c\u00e1i v\u1ebb t\u1ef1 do, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do th\u1ef1c. T\u1eeb ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng, t\u1ef1 do to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. T\u1eeb ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng, t\u1ef1 do th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u00e0 duy nh\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 do to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n
B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 trong vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i b\u1ea1n b\u1ecb n\u00f3 b\u1eaft l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb c\u1eeda sau. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y \u0111i x\u1ea3y l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o b\u1ea1n tranh \u0111\u1ea5u, b\u1ea1n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh gi\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u1ecdn k\u1ebb th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn v\u00e0o, v\u00ec b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi h\u1ecd! Tranh \u0111\u1ea5u v\u1edbi h\u1ecd, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean. B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. D\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n, d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n, c\u00e1c k\u1ebb th\u00f9 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh r\u1ea5t gi\u1ed1ng nhau – gi\u1ed1ng h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 b\u1ea1n b\u00e8.<\/p>\n
\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga x\u00f4 vi\u1ebft…. Khi c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng t\u1edbi v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, sa ho\u00e0ng b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1ea1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ebft sa ho\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 ra l\u00e0 sa ho\u00e0ng c\u00f2n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n sa ho\u00e0ng. Josef Stalin \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00e0 kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi Ivan Kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp. Ivan kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c so v\u1edbi Josef Stalin.<\/p>\n
V\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1ch Josef Stalin ch\u00fat n\u00e0o, t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n tranh \u0111\u1ea5u v\u1edbi sa ho\u00e0ng b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ta, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac b\u1ea1n th\u1eafng b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o th\u1ebf, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 th\u1ebf, ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. B\u1ea1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi k\u1ebb th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao m\u1ecdi cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nh\u01b0 c\u0169, v\u00ec \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ef1 do kh\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 sai.<\/p>\n
Ki\u1ec3u th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do v\u00ec; n\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Ki\u1ec3u th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, ki\u1ec3u th\u1ee9 hai nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ednh th\u01a1 ca h\u01a1n, vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn, kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edfng. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eed \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 n\u1eefa, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00ec h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i – v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng s\u1ed1ng trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng s\u1ed1ng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n
Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00ecn xa ch\u1ec9 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ra nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edfng hay, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n
N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, b\u1ea1n b\u1ecb qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n qu\u00ean qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, b\u1ea1n v\u1eabn b\u1ecb qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 cu\u1ed1n \u0111i, b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai b\u1ea1n m\u01a1 nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 \u0111\u1eb9p, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nh\u01b0 c\u0169; m\u01a1 l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n
Ki\u1ec3u th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, t\u1ef1 do kh\u1ecfi, l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng. Ki\u1ec3u th\u1ee9 hai, t\u1ef1 do v\u00ec, l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng. Ki\u1ec3u th\u1ee9 ba, ch\u1ec9 t\u1ef1 do, l\u00e0 n\u1ed5i d\u1eady. N\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng theo th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i. Ki\u1ec3u th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, ki\u1ec3u th\u1ee9 hai c\u00f3 t\u00ednh th\u01a1 ca, ki\u1ec3u th\u1ee9 ba c\u00f3 t\u00ednh huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n
T\u00f4i ng\u1ee5 \u00fd g\u00ec khi t\u00f4i n\u00f3i “ch\u1ec9 t\u1ef1 do”? Kh\u00f4ng \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i, kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, ch\u1ec9 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y b\u00e2y gi\u1edd, ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc sang kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 n\u00e0o, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n
Sannyasin th\u1ef1c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi huy\u1ec3n b\u00ed th\u1ef1c, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, kh\u00f4ng \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecb h\u1ea5p thu ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1edfi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00e0nh cho qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch n\u1ed5i d\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra.<\/p>\n
N\u1ed5i d\u1eady l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed5i d\u1eady, Jesus c\u0169ng v\u1eady; Atisha l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed5i d\u1eady, Kabir c\u0169ng v\u1eady. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed5i d\u1eady. B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m h\u1ecd n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ngh\u0129 h\u1ecd d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng; h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u1eady. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9ng. Chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c to\u00e0n b\u1ed9, chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng s\u1ed1ng v\u00ec b\u1ea5t k\u00ec l\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0o, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng s\u1ed1ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t k\u00ec l\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0o. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u00ec \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0o; kh\u00f4ng \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 n\u00e0o t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n
S\u1ef1 thu\u1ea7n khi\u1ebft v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc n\u00e0y… h\u1ecd s\u1ed1ng n\u00f3, h\u1ecd t\u1eadn h\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00f3, h\u1ecd h\u00e1t n\u00f3, h\u1ecd m\u00faa n\u00f3. V\u00e0 khi kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc ti\u1ebfp t\u1edbi, h\u1ecd s\u1ed1ng kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi c\u00f9ng ni\u1ec1m vui, v\u1edbi c\u00f9ng s\u1ef1 vui \u0111\u00f9a. H\u1ecd chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc sang kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng, n\u01a1i c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u1edbn, kh\u00f4ng c\u00e1i g\u00ec gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra. \u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra trong t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng. V\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00e1i g\u00ec nh\u01b0 ch\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai – ch\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a More hay c\u00e1c ch\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00e1c, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ebf – kh\u00f4ng c\u00e1i g\u00ec gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra.<\/p>\n
Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00e1c to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra: m\u1ed9t Ph\u1eadt, m\u1ed9t Atisha – nh\u1eefng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n s\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc sang kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc trong ni\u1ec1m vui v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c ni\u1ec1m vui c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00f3 t\u00ednh l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m. B\u1ea5t k\u00ec ai t\u1edbi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i v\u1edbi con m\u1eaft m\u1edbi. H\u1ecd cho b\u1ea1n c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn s\u00e2u m\u1edbi v\u00e0o trong \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y b\u00e2y gi\u1edd. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 “t\u1ef1 do v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i.” Suy ng\u1eabm v\u1ec1 n\u00f3 \u0111i.<\/p>\n
Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n b\u1ea5t k\u00ec t\u00e2m l\u00ed h\u1ecdc n\u00e0o, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao t\u00e2m l\u00ed h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng. Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111i v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ra cho d\u00f9 b\u1ea1n \u0111i v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do kh\u1ecfi ch\u00fang. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n tr\u1edf n\u00ean ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, hi\u1ec3u nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd t\u1ef1 do kh\u1ecfi ch\u00fang<\/p>\n
B\u1ea5t k\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp ra tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u nguy\u00ean thu\u1ef7, Arthur Janov, n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi sau nguy\u00ean thu\u1ef7, \u00f4ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi sau nguy\u00ean thu\u1ef7. B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n \u00f4ng \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi sau nguy\u00ean thu\u1ef7. T\u1ef1 do to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 kh\u1ecfi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, t\u1ef1 do to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 – \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u1edfi ph\u00e2n t\u00e2m h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3. B\u1ea1n c\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do t\u1eeb c\u00e1i g\u00ec?<\/p>\n
Th\u1ef1c ra, d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u t\u00e2m l\u00ed uy t\u00edn b\u1ea1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ea1o ra qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi \u00f4ng \u1ea5y. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra: n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111i t\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo Freud b\u1ea1n t\u1ea1o ra qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 theo Freud, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111i t\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo Jung, b\u1ea1n t\u1ea1o ra qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 theo Jung. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng, r\u1eb1ng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ea1o ra, t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u mong \u0111\u1ee3i. B\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n theo Jung b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111i v\u00e0o trong c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfp qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u mang ra nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed l\u1edbn, b\u00ed truy\u1ec1n, s\u00e2u k\u00edn. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd x\u1ea3y ra cho b\u1ea5t k\u00ec b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n n\u00e0o v\u1edbi Freud. B\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n theo Freud mang t\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u Freud mong \u0111\u1ee3i: d\u1ee5c t\u00ecnh, t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ee5c, t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ee5c k\u00ec l\u1ea1, lo\u1ea1n lu\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi lo\u1ea1i v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u1ee5c. Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd tr\u1ed3i l\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t trong tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u t\u00e2m l\u00ed Jung. B\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n nguy\u00ean thu\u1ef7 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u mang t\u1edbi la h\u00e9t m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u00ec th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n
Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ea5t hay bi\u1ebft \u01a1n: n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n cho h\u1ecd m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft \u01a1n b\u1ea1n b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh n\u00f3. Th\u1ef1c ra b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y r\u1ea5t r\u1ea5t t\u1eeb bi h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u – \u00f4ng \u1ea5y l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3 th\u1ebf, anh ch\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e1ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng – cho n\u00ean s\u1edbm hay mu\u1ed9n b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u bi\u1ebft \u01a1n. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ph\u00e9p tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u t\u00e2m l\u00ed \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, v\u00e0 t\u1eebng nh\u00e0 tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u t\u00e2m l\u00ed \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng \u1ea5y l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang. B\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u1ea5y l\u1eeba \u00f4ng \u1ea5y. V\u00e0 c\u00f9ng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 \u0111i sang nh\u00e0 tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u t\u00e2m l\u00ed kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 h\u1ecd l\u1eeba c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia n\u1eefa. C\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111ang ch\u01a1i tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i l\u1edbn, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u00f4 \u00fd th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n
T\u00e2m tr\u00ed l\u00e0 bao la th\u1ebf, b\u1ea1n bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0i m\u1ea3nh m\u00e0 s\u1ebd tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n cho tri\u1ebft l\u00ed \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, cho t\u00e2m l\u00ed \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, cho li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba bao la, ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u Freud, nhi\u1ec1u Jung, nhi\u1ec1u Adler. V\u00e0 b\u1ea1n bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn – c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 trong b\u1ea1n t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c b\u1ea1n bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1ch ch\u1ecdn nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3nh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p b\u1ea1n \u0111ang tr\u1ea3i qua.<\/p>\n
Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec nh\u01b0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec nh\u01b0 ph\u00e2n t\u00e2m, b\u1edfi l\u00ed do n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. L\u00ed do l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 nh\u00e0 huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do kh\u1ecfi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, nh\u00e0 huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. N\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed v\u1ec1 t\u1ef1 do, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00f4ng \u1ea5y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 moksha, t\u1ef1 do to\u00e0n b\u1ed9, kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan g\u00ec t\u1edbi c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n n\u1eefa, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan g\u00ec t\u1edbi c\u00e1i c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a c\u00f3. To\u00e0n th\u1ec3 quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u1ea5y l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc n\u00e0y, kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc trong nh\u01b0 pha l\u00ea nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n
V\u00e0 \u1edf trong kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u1edf trong thi\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n
L\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n trong kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u1edf trong thi\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n
V\u00e0 khi thi\u1ec1n x\u1ea3y ra b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y hai c\u00e1nh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ra trong b\u1ea1n: m\u1ed9t c\u00e1nh s\u1ebd l\u00e0 y\u00eau – Atisha g\u1ecdi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1eeb bi – c\u00e1nh kia s\u1ebd l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do. V\u00e0 c\u1ea3 hai ch\u00fang s\u1ebd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f9ng nhau. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y mang t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh. Th\u1ebf th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eafn \u0111o, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfc. Atisha l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang; \u00f4ng \u1ea5y n\u00f3i:<\/p>\n
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B\u00e2y gi\u1edd, ngay c\u1ea3 khi ta ch\u1ebft, ta s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng h\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfc.<\/p>\n
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S\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh. Ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Ta \u0111\u00e3 y\u00eau, ta \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng trong t\u1ef1 do, ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft m\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e3n nguy\u1ec7n. Ta ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh. S\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3. S\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00ed ho\u00e0i, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m gi\u1ea7u th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean, v\u00e0 ta \u0111\u00e3 n\u1edf hoa v\u00e0 hoa sen \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf ra.<\/p>\n
Ch\u1ebft v\u1edbi hoa sen b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n n\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, ch\u1ebft trong y\u00eau, trong t\u1ef1 do, l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng, l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 \u0111i qua nh\u1eefng c\u1eed ch\u1ec9 tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng; h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
T\u1eeb “S\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 Tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7”, T.2, Ch.25<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
T\u1ef1 do c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ba ki\u1ec3u, v\u00e0 ba ki\u1ec3u \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do kh\u1ecfi, th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":3516,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[105],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3515","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cac-khai-niem"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/reikivietnam.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3515","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/reikivietnam.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/reikivietnam.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/reikivietnam.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/reikivietnam.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3515"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/reikivietnam.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3515\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3517,"href":"https:\/\/reikivietnam.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3515\/revisions\/3517"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/reikivietnam.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/3516"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/reikivietnam.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3515"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/reikivietnam.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3515"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/reikivietnam.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3515"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}